VOL 101
OIC MEMBERSHIP, SHARIA LAW, ISLAMIC FINANCE AND THE RISE OF JIHADIST VIOLENCE
By Edidem Unwana
Senior Political
Analyst, The BRGIE Newsline
BRGIE Media Team | Biafra Activist | Human Rights Advocate
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Nigeria’s identity as a secular,
multi-religious federation has increasingly come under scrutiny because of
a series of developments that critics say reflect growing Islamic institutional
influence in the country’s religion, law, and security architecture. These
developments include Nigeria’s long-standing membership in the Organisation
of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), the adoption of Sharia legal systems
in northern states, the expansion of Sharia-compliant (Islamic) financial
systems, and the ongoing insurgency by Islamist extremist groups.
OIC
Membership Since 1986 — A Controversial Beginning
Nigeria became a full member of the Organisation
of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) on 1 January 1986 during the military
rule of General Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida. The move was orchestrated through
an official delegation that applied for membership at an OIC ministerial
meeting in Fez, Morocco, and was accepted with support from existing members.
The OIC, originally called the
Organisation of Islamic Conference, is composed of states that largely share
common interests in the Muslim world. Its focus includes cultural, economic,
and political cooperation among member states. Nigeria’s membership has
persisted despite the federal constitution’s secular mandate.
Christian groups and secular
activists have repeatedly criticized Nigeria’s OIC membership as incompatible
with a secular state, noting that the organization primarily serves
Muslim-majority countries and is rooted historically in Islamic solidarity.
Sharia
Law in the North — Institutionalized Since 2000
Sharia law was reintroduced into
Nigeria’s legal framework at the subnational level following the return to
democratic rule in 1999. The first state to adopt it fully was Zamfara State
when it implemented Sharia criminal and civil codes in January 2000.
In less than a year, 12 northern
states — including Zamfara, Kano, Sokoto, Katsina, Bauchi, Borno, Jigawa,
Kebbi, Yobe, Kaduna, Niger, and Gombe — enacted similar systems that applied
Sharia as the main body of law alongside the federal constitution.
Sharia courts and enforcement
agencies (such as the Hisbah Corps in Kano State) operate to implement
religious criminal codes for Muslims. Critics point out that although Sharia
technically applies only to Muslims, in practice it affects the broader society
and has been a source of tension with Christian and other non-Muslim
communities Like Deborah Yakubu, ,
a second-year Christian college student who was stoned to death in Sokoto on 12 May 2022 by a mob of Muslim
When Sharia was adopted in Kaduna State, it
sparked large-scale religious riots in 2000 that resulted in thousands
of deaths and property destruction — highlighting how deeply controversial the
move was in a mixed-religion state.
Islamic
Finance and Sharia-Compliant Borrowing
Nigeria’s financial system has also
incorporated Islamic-compliant financial instruments alongside conventional
instruments. Sukuk — Islamic bonds that avoid interest and are
structured around profit sharing and asset-backing — have been issued by the
federal government and other institutional entities as part of debt
diversification. Questions arises in the backdrop that Loans from the Sukuk
cannot be utilized for non-Islamic business like buying and selling alcohol,
gambling etc. However, can such loans be used to advance Islamic agenda, Jihad
and terrorism?
Members of the Islamic
Development Bank (IsDB) and related organizations further anchor Nigeria
within a broader Islamic financial network. Such participation, while offering
investment and capital opportunities, also embeds Nigeria deeper into financial
structures derived from Islamic finance principles.
Critics argue that the growing
prominence of Sharia-compliant finance in public borrowing — especially at the
federal level — raises questions about the balance between secular governance
and religiously informed economic policy in a multi-faith society.
Terrorism
and Jihadist Influence
Parallel to institutional
developments, Nigeria has contended with violent Islamist extremism that
explicitly seeks to reshape state structures along strict religious lines. Boko
Haram, founded in 2002 and active since 2009, is a jihadist group that
originally emerged in northeastern Nigeria with the goal of establishing an
Islamic state governed by strict Sharia.
Boko Haram and its offshoot, Islamic
State West Africa Province (ISWAP), have conducted widespread terror
attacks, kidnappings (such as the Chibok schoolgirls in 2014), mass murders,
and village raids over the past decade and a half, causing tens of thousands of
deaths and displacing millions.
The existence of these groups
underscores the sectarian and religious dimensions of security challenges
in northern Nigeria, especially where extremist ideologies seek to replace
secular governance with religious rule. This insurgency has, for many
Christians, been interpreted as part of a broader push toward an Islamic
political order.
Balancing
Secular Identity With Religious Dynamics
Nigeria’s 1999 Constitution
prohibits the adoption of any religion as the official state religion. Critics
argue that involvement in Islamic institutions like the OIC, combined with
constitutional accommodation of Sharia law in many states, contradicts
secular principles and erodes confidence among Christian and other
non-Muslim populations.
Christian organizations have
repeatedly called for Nigeria to withdraw from the OIC and reject expansion
of Sharia beyond states where it is already established, asserting that the
country’s secular identity and religious freedom must be preserved.
Conclusion:
Perceptions of Islamization vs. Secular Governance
While Nigeria remains officially
secular at the federal level, its longstanding OIC membership, wide
adoption of Sharia law in many states, participation in Islamic
financial systems, and the persistent threat of Islamist extremism
together feed a narrative among critics that the country is being gradually
positioned toward stronger Islamic influence in governance and society.
These dynamics have deep
socio-political implications for Christians and other minorities who fear
marginalization within an increasingly religiously structured environment. As
Nigeria navigates its complex identity, these issues continue to shape debates
about national cohesion, religious freedom, and the future direction of the
state.
Editorial Call: Support
Biafra’s Liberation
For effective, legitimate, and internationally coordinated engagement, support
the Biafra Republic Government in Exile (BRGIE) — the authorized government
body mandated to pursue recognition and liberation.
HOW TO SUPPORT THE BIAFRA LIBERATION MOVEMENT
Official Website: www.biafrarepublicgovernment.org
Donate to the Liberation Effort: www.biafrarepublicgovernment.org/donate
Invest in Biafra’s Future — 100% ROI IOU Program:
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